Author: chris

Change managers play an active role in the way change occurs within the organization. There are specific foundational approaches associated with the change process and the coach and interpreter images. Evaluate and discuss the Organizational Development (OD) approach as associated with the coach image. Evaluate and discuss the sense making approach as associated with the interpreter image. Compare and contrast the steps of each evaluated framework.

Your paper should be three to four pages in length (excluding the title and reference pages). Your paper must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center, and it must include in-text citations and references for at least two scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library, in addition to the course text.

You are a new associate at the law firm of Dewey, Chetum, and Howe. John, a former researcher at PharmaCARE, comes to your office. He has concerns about PharmaCARE’s use of AD23, one of the company’s top-selling diabetes drugs. Two (2) years ago, after PharmaCARE’s research indicated that AD23 might also slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, John and his team of pharmacists began reformulating the drug to maximize that effect. In order to avoid the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) scrutiny, PharmaCARE established a wholly-owned subsidiary, CompCARE, to operate as a compounding pharmacy to sell the new formulation to individuals on a prescription basis. CompCARE established itself in a suburban office park near its parent’s headquarters. To conserve money and time, CompCARE did a quick, low-cost renovation.

CompCARE benefited from PharmaCARE’s reputation, databases, networks, and sales and marketing expertise, and within six (6) months had the medical community buzzing about AD23. Demand soared, particularly among Medicare, Medicaid, and Veterans Affairs patients. Seeing the opportunity to realize even more profit, CompCARE began advertising AD23 directly to consumers and marketing the drug directly to hospitals, clinics, and physician offices, even though compounding pharmacies are not permitted to sell drugs in bulk for general use. To circumvent this technicality, CompCARE encouraged doctors to fax lists of fictitious patient names to CompCARE. PharmaCARE sold CompCARE to WellCo, a large drugstore chain, just weeks before AD23 was publicly linked to over 200 cardiac deaths.

As CompCARE and its new parent company enjoyed record profits and PharmaCARE’s stock price approached $300 per share, reports started surfacing that people who received AD23 seemed to be suffering heart attacks at an alarming rate. The company ignored this data and continued filling large orders and paying huge bonuses to all the executives and managers, including John, whose wife recently died from a heart attack after using AD23.

John has come to you with an internal company memo describing the potential problems with AD23, and information describing the company’s willingness “roll the dice” and continue to market the drug.

Your senior partner has asked you to write a memo outlining the following issues for review by the senior partners.

In preparation for this assignment, use the Internet or Strayer Library to research examples of intellectual property theft that occurred within the past two (2) years.

Write an eight (8) page paper in which you:

Research three to five (3-5) ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety and examine whether PharmaCARE violated any of the issues in question.
Argue for or against Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) marketing by drug companies. Provide support for your response.
Determine the parties responsible for regulating compounding pharmacies under the current regulatory scheme, the actions that either these parties or the FDA could / should have taken in this scenario, and whether PharmaCARE could face legal exposure surrounding its practices. Support your response.
Analyze the manner in which PharmaCARE used U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property and if John has any claim to being the true “inventor” of AD23. Suggest at least three (3) ways the company could compensate John for the use of his intellectual property.
Summarize at least one (1) current example (within the past two [2] years) of intellectual property theft, and examine the effect on that company’s brand.
Analyze the potential issue surrounding the death of John’s wife and other potential litigants against PharmaCARE as a result of AD23.
Specify both the major arguments that John can make to claim that he is a whistleblower and the type of protections that he should be afforded. Justify your response.
Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia is not an acceptable reference and proprietary Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Analyze and assess legal and ethical restraints on marketing and advertising, relative to both consumers and organizations.
Analyze and evaluate laws and regulations relative to product safety and liability.
Explore copyright laws and intellectual property rights and assess how well they balance competing interests.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in law, ethics, and corporate governance.
Write clearly and concisely about law, ethics, and corporate governance using proper writing mechanics

Prompt: My parents just offered me a trip to a European capital, but since I’ve already been to London, Paris, Rome and other places in Western Europe, I would like to give Eastern Europe a try. My friend Mike wants me to go to Prague, Lisa suggested Budapest, but I hear you are taking Romanian at ASU, and wonder if you may want to share some of your insight into Bucharest and help me make up my mind.  From what you learned this week about Bucharest, write a 400-500 words essay attempting to explain why I should be selecting the Romanian capital

here is the ONLY sources that can be used in the essay.

 

1- http://wikitravel.org/en/Bucharest

 

2- http://romaniatourism.com/bucharest.html

 

3- http://www.48hourvisit.com/two-days-in-bucharest-weekend-edition.html

 

4- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest

Please read Ximpleware Corp. v. Versata Software, Inc. Et Al, 2013 U.S. Dist. Lexis 172411. I’ve included the case below.

Be sure to read the case and then brief it using the case brief format found in the tutorials folder under How to Brief a Legal Case. Your assignment submission must use the case brief format which is simply a way to organize your thoughts and it should be 1 page in length with the rationale section being the longest part of the case brief. There is also a tutorial on how to read a legal case.

1 of 2 DOCUMENTS

XIMPLEWARE CORP., Plaintiff, v.VERSATA SOFTWARE, INC.; TRILOGY DEVELOPMENT GROUP, INC.; AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.; and AUREA SOFTWARE, INC., Defendants.

No. C 13-05160 SI

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 172411

December 6, 2013, Decided

December 6, 2013, Filed

CORE TERMS: discovery, expedited, preliminary injunction, restraining order, temporary, software, license, deposition, declaration, discovery requests, patent infringement, irreparable injury, inclusion, copyright infringement, good cause, irreparable harm, infringement, injunction, injunctive, subpoena, issuance, patent, Lanham Act, ex parte application, declaratory relief, narrowly tailored, overbroad, patch

COUNSEL: [*1] For XimpleWare Corp, Plaintiff: Ansel Jay Halliburton, Christopher Joseph Sargent, LEAD ATTORNEYS, Jack Russo, Computerlaw Group LLP, Palo Alto, CA.

For Versata Software, Inc., a Delaware corporation formerly known as Trilogy Software, Inc., Trilogy Development Group, Inc., a California corporation, Defendants: David C. Bohrer, LEAD ATTORNEY, Valorem Law Group, San Jose, CA; Alisa Anne Lipski, Ahmad, Zavitsanos, Anaipakos, Alavi & Mensing P.C., Houston, TX; Amir Alavi, PRO HAC VICE, AZA, Houston, TX; Benjamin Francis Foster, PRO HAC VICE, Ahmad, Zavitsanos, Anaipakos, Alavi Mensing, P.C., Houston, TX.

For Ameriprise Financial, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Aurea Software, Inc., a Delaware corporation also known as Aurea, Inc., Defendants: David C. Bohrer, LEAD ATTORNEY, Valorem Law Group, San Jose, CA; Case Collard, Denver, CO; Gregory Scot Tamkin, Dorsey & Whitney LLP, Denver, CO.

JUDGES: SUSAN ILLSTON, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE.

OPINION BY: SUSAN ILLSTON

OPINION

ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S EX PARTE APPLICATION FOR A TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER AND DENYING PLAINTIFF’S REQUES FOR EXPEDITED PRELIMINARY DISCOVERY

On December 4, 2013, the Court held a hearing [*2] on plaintiff’s ex parte application for a temporary restraining order, request that the Court order defendants to show cause why a preliminary injunction should not issue, and request for expedited discovery. Counsel for plaintiff and defendants argued at the hearing. For the foregoing reasons, the Court DENIES plaintiff’s applications for a temporary restraining order and order to show cause, and DENIES plaintiff’s request for expedited preliminary discovery.

BACKGROUND

Plaintiff XimpleWare Corporation is a California corporation which develops, designs, and licenses software for data processing. Compl. ¶¶ 2-3. One of XimpleWare’s software products is known as “VTD-XML”, an XML or Extensible Markup Language program. Defendant Versata provides software to insurance companies; one of its products is Distribution Channel Management (DCM). Defendant Trilogy Development Group acquired Versata in 2006 and defendant Aurea Software merged with Trilogy and Versata in October 2013. Id. ¶¶ 5-6. Defendant Ameriprise Financial Inc. uses Versata’s DCM 3.9 software product and, according to the complaint, received XimpleWare software from Versata. Ameriprise Opp. pp. 2, 8.

On May 3, 2013, Versata filed [*3] suit in Texas state court (“the Texas case”) against Ameriprise, alleging Ameriprise materially breached a software license between the parties for Versata’s DCM program. Docket No. 14-5; Versata Opp. p. 5. On June 24, 2013, Ameriprise filed a motion for partial summary judgment in the Texas case, claiming Versata improperly incorporated XimpleWare’s source code into Versata’s DCM product. Docket Nos. 14-7; 36-2. In October 2013, Ameriprise issued a discovery subpoena in the Texas case, seeking discovery from XimpleWare into its licensing practices, the means by which XimpleWare makes its source code available, and any relationship between XimpleWare and Versata. Docket No. 36-2. Versata then served a cross-notice of deposition on XimpleWare covering similar subjects. Id. XimpleWare has not yet responded to the discovery requests.

On November 5, 2013, having been made aware of the allegations by Ameriprise against Versata in the Texas case, XimpleWare filed this suit against Versata and Ameriprise for copyright infringement, violation of the Lanham Act, breach of contract, breach of good faith and fair dealing, unjust enrichment, intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, [*4] unfair competition, and declaratory relief. Complt. Docket No. 1. According to XimpleWare, it published its VTD-XML source code in an online open source repository, SourceForge, and under a GNU General Public License (GPL). Zhang Decl. ¶ 16. XimpleWare claims Versata has infringed on its copyrighted source code by including it in Versata’s DCM without obtaining a commercial license, permission for the use of XimpleWare’s products, or complying properly with the GPL license. Complt. ¶¶ 47-52; Zhang Decl. ¶ 31. Additionally, XimpleWare alleges Ameriprise copied, reproduced, distributed, and re-implemented the Versata DCM product containing VTF-XML without any license or authorization from XimpleWare. Complt. ¶¶ 60-61.1

1 On the same day that it filed this copyright/Lanham Act case, XimpleWare also filed a patent infringement suit in this district against the defendants in the present suit as well as Pacific Life Insurance Company, United HealthCare Services, Inc., Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, Wellmark, Inc., Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc., and Aviva USA Corporation. That suit alleges direct patent infringement and inducing patent infringement, [*5] and seeks declaratory relief. Case No. 13-cv-5161 PSG. XimpleWare’s patent case is currently pending before Magistrate Judge Paul Grewal.

XimpleWare filed this application for a temporary restraining order, order to show cause re: preliminary injunction, and expedited discovery on November 24, 2013. After the case was reassigned to this Court on November 26, 2013, hearing on the motions was set for December 4, 2013.

DISCUSSION

1. Temporary Restraining Order

“The standard for issuance of a temporary restraining order is the same as that for issuance of a preliminary injunction.” Burgess v. Forbes, No. C 09-629 JF (HRL), 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16127, 2009 WL 416843, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 19, 2009). In order to obtain a preliminary injunction, a plaintiff “must establish that he is likely to succeed on the merits, that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, that the balance of equities tips in his favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest.” Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 555 U.S. 7, 20, 129 S. Ct. 365, 172 L. Ed. 2d 249 (2008) (citations omitted). The Supreme Court has been “very clear that even where infringement had been proven, a plaintiff may not be granted injunctive relief until he [*6] satisfies the four-factor test, which includes demonstrating irreparable injury.” Flexible Lifeline Sys., Inc. v. Precision Lift, Inc., 654 F.3d 989, 995 (9th Cir. 2011) (citing eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., 547 U.S. 388, 394, 126 S. Ct. 1837, 164 L. Ed. 2d 641 (2006)).2 This principle applies to both patent and copyright cases: “a presumption of irreparable harm is equally improper in a case based on copyright infringement as it is in a case based on patent infringement.” Id. at 996 (citing eBay, 547 U.S. 388, 126 S. Ct. 1837, 164 L. Ed. 2d 641).

2 The Ninth Circuit had a “long-standing practice of presuming irreparable harm upon the showing of likelihood of success on the merits in a copyright infringement case.” Flexible Lifeline Sys., Inc. v. Precision Lift, Inc., 654 F.3d 989, 995 (9th Cir. 2011). However, since the Supreme Court’s decisions in eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., 547 U.S. 388, 126 S. Ct. 1837, 164 L. Ed. 2d 641 (2006) and Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 129 S. Ct. 365, 172 L. Ed. 2d 249 (2008), this practice is no longer good law. Id.

XimpleWare states that it will “undoubtedly be harmed by Versata’s continuing infringement.” Motion p. 8. According to XimpleWare, it will lose control of its key asset — exclusive rights to license its source code. Id. Control would be lost, [*7] presumably, because of Versata’s ongoing use of XimpleWare source code and inclusion of it in the Versata DCM product, which others might (improperly) copy.3 In support of its opposition, Versata submitted the declaration of CEO Scott Brighton. Docket No. 37, Ex. 4. The Brighton declaration states that at the present time Versata has no new customer sales of DCM and does not anticipate closing any additional sales during the 2013 calendar year. Id. ¶ 4. The declaration further states that a development team has been instructed to remove all references to XimpleWare from all versions of DCM and has created a “patch” which upon installation will eliminate all references to XimpleWare in the DCM version 3.9 and is creating patches for other versions of DCM as well. Id. ¶¶ 5-6. The Court takes the statements in the Brighton declaration, which are uncontested, as true, and finds that under these circumstances the possibility of XimpleWare’s further loss of “control” on a going forward basis is remote. Injury to the present can be addressed by damages, and should the representations in the Brighton declaration prove to be untrue, XimpleWare may bring that to the Court’s attention.

3 Based [*8] on argument at the hearing, it appears that, as this case develops, Versata intends to contest plaintiff’s claim that Versata improperly included XinpleWare’s source code in its DSM product.

Under theses circumstances, the Court finds that XimpleWare has failed to show that it will suffer irreparable injury if the TRO and preliminary injunction are not issued. Even if it was very clear that XimpleWare could prove infringement, injunctive relief could not be granted without a demonstration of irreparable injury. See Flexible Lifeline Sys., Inc, 654 F.3d at 995. Accordingly, the Court must DENY plaintiff’s application for a temporary restraining order.

2. Request for Expedited Limited Discovery

Formal discovery is generally allowed only after the parties have conferred as required by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(f). However, a district court may permit expedited discovery “upon a showing of good cause.” Semitool, Inc. v. Tokyo Electron America, Inc., 208 F.R.D. 273 (N.D. Cal. 2002). Good cause exists “where the need for expedited discovery, in consideration of the administration of justice, outweighs the prejudice to the responding party.” Id. To determine whether good cause justifies [*9] expedited discovery, courts often consider factors including whether a preliminary injunction is pending, the breadth of the discovery requests, the purpose of the request, and the burden on the defendants to comply with the requests. See American LegalNet, Inc. v. Davis, 673 F.Supp.2d 1063, 1067 (C.D.Cal. 2009)

XimpleWare asserts that it seeks “limited” early discovery in order to further support its motion for a preliminary injunction and to confirm what it claims it has learned from the Texas case — that Versata incorporated the VTD-XML into its DCM. Motion p. 10. However, XimpleWare’s requests are quite broad, and would have this Court both order discovery in this case and restrict discovery in the Texas case. XimpleWare seeks: (1) production by Versata and Ameriprise of documents “around Versata’s inclusion of XimpleWare’s source code into the DCM product”; (2) control of document production by XimpleWare responsive to Ameriprise’s and Versata’s Texas case subpoenas; (3) deposition of Versata’s Rule 30(b)(6) witness on Versata’s inclusion of VTD-XML in its products, distribution of products including VTD-XML, and Versata’s compliance or non-compliance with the GPL; (4) deposition [*10] of Ameriprise’s Rule 30(b)(6) witness on Ameriprise’s knowledge of the inclusion of VTD-XML in DCM; and (5) deposition of XimpleWare’s rule 30(b)(6) witness, to be taken both in this case and in the Texas case. Motion p. 11; proposed order.

The Court finds XimpleWare’s requests for expedited discovery are overbroad and are not narrowly tailored to obtain evidence relevant to XimpleWare’s motion for preliminary injunction. To the extent the discovery request is made to be parallel to the Texas discovery requests, and/or to avoid the need for XimpleWear’s principal to give more than one deposition in this case and the Texas case, the Court notes that in the course of discovery, witnesses must often be subject to more than a single deposition.4

4 Counsel represented that the Texas case is set for trial in February, 2014 and is subject to a discovery cut-off in December, 2013.

Accordingly, the Court DENIES XimpleWare’s request for expedited discovery without prejudice to narrowly tailored requests for early discovery in this action, based upon a proper showing of good cause. In addition, the Court will work with the parties to process this action as expeditiously as possible and will work [*11] toward the earliest practicable trial date.

CONCLUSION

The Court finds that XimpleWare has failed to demonstrate that it will suffer irreparable injury if the injunction is not issued and therefore DENIES the application for a temporary restraining order and the request the Court issue an order to Versata and Ameriprise to show cause why a preliminary injunction should not issue. The Court further finds XimpleWare’s request for expedited discovery is overbroad and DENIES the request without prejudice.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: December 6, 2013

/s/ Susan Illston

SUSAN ILLSTON

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Briefing Cases in Your Own Words

Many students struggle with the concept of briefing cases in your own words. It helps if you understand that you are simply condensing the appellate court opinion (‘the case’) into a quick summary for review. How do you do that without copying words from the case? This analogy will help make that process clear. Briefs that contain copied sections from the appellate opinions will not receive passing grades, so please review this analogy and let me know if you have questions. : )

You wake up in the morning and you read a story about a debate in your city regarding whether to put in a new football stadium. You read all the details in the article including the decision regarding whether there will or will not be a new stadium in your city. Then you get up, get in your car and head for work.

On the way to work you speak with a friend on your cell phone. You tell him, “Hey! Did you hear about the new stadium?” Your friend says “No! We’re getting a new stadium? I never heard they were even considering a stadium!”

To respond to your friend, you have to think about what you read and then explain it to him based on what you learned from reading the article. You can’t look it up and repeat what the article says because you are driving your car. You might tell him the facts that led up to the debate about the stadium (the case facts), and you might tell him why the building of the stadium became an argument (the issue). You might also tell him what each side of the argument said (the analysis) and finally, you would tell him whether there would be a brand new stadium in your city (the holding/conclusion).

When you do all of this, you are relating what happened in the case but in your own words.

If you have any questions, please let me know! : )

Professor Hacker

1. You must have a clear and specific thesis, stated early in your paper, preferably in the first or second paragraph. This thesis should be argumentative and should not be observational. The difference between these two types of thesis may be represented by the following examples:
Observational Thesis: “William Wells Brown’s Clotelle, Paul Laurence Dunbar’s ‘We Wear the Mask’ and W.E.B. Du Bois’ The Souls of Black Folk all provide examples of the double.” This is observational because it is obvious, and because it merely makes a statement about (i.e., it only describes) what all the texts have in common. “The double” is the object of the thesis sentence and not the subject.
Argumentative Thesis: “‘The double’ as found in William Wells Brown’s Clotelle, Paul Laurence Dunbar’s ‘We Wear the Mask’ and W.E.B. Du Bois’ The Souls of Black Folk represents the cultural predicament faced by African Americans during Reconstruction.” This is argumentative because it takes an observation (that all these texts share the figure of the double) and uses it to make an argument (i.e., a point which goes beyond the descriptive) about how that observation relates back to all the texts. “The double” is the subject of the thesis sentence (i.e., it has a verb which follows it) and not the object. An argumentative thesis takes an observational thesis to the next level. A good way to change an observation to an argument is to look at an observation and ask, “and so?” or “so what’s my point?” The best argumentative theses are the most specific: they use very specific similarities between texts as their observations, and make arguments on the basis of them.
Do not leave your thesis until the final paragraph. If you write your paper in one take, at one sitting, often you will only realize what your paper’s overall point is at the very end of your paper. I strongly recommend that you do not turn in a paper which looks like this. This means that you may have to revise your paper at least once before turning it in. If you do arrive at a thesis only at the end of your paper, a good way to fix this is to take the conclusions from your final paragraphs and apply them to your opening paragraphs, and then make sure each of your paper’s paragraphs make reference to these conclusions in turn.
2. You should refer to your thesis in each paragraph, preferably at both the beginning and end of each paragraph. Each paragraph should have what some teachers call a “topic sentence” – some sentence, usually at the beginning of a paragraph, which states that paragraph’s main point, or the point which makes that paragraph’s discussion different from every other paragraph’s discussion. But each paragraph should also have a “thesis-connecting sentence” – a sentence which connects that paragraph back to your whole paper’s main overall point, and ties each paragraph into your whole paper’s overall thesis. Each paragraph should have its own mini-discussion, of course, but each paragraph should also have some relationship to your overall argument, and you should make that relationship clear.
3. Each paragraph should include at least one quotation from your text(s). Every paragraph needs a point, and every point needs proof. The best kind of proof – the best kind of evidence that what you’re claiming is the case is, at least in your paper, actually the case – is a direct quotation from the text. Thus, every paragraph should have a quotation. Your quotations must be properly cited, complete with page numbers. They must also be incorporated and not unincorporated:
Unincorporated quotation: Frances E.W. Harper illustrates how slaves were able to transmit information under their masters’ very noses. “In conveying the tidings of war, if they wished to announce a victory of the Union army, they said the butter was fresh, or that the fish and eggs were in good condition.” (Iola Leroy, 9) These two sentences are totally separate (i.e., unincorporated) and the quotation exists as an isolated sentence with no source, dropped in like a sound bite.
Incorporated quotation: Frances E.W. Harper illustrates how slaves were able to transmit information under their masters’ very noses. “In conveying the tidings of war,” Harper writes, “if they wished to announce a victory of the Union army, they said the butter was fresh, or that the fish and eggs were in good condition.” (Iola Leroy, 9) The quotation is broken up by a clear indicator of its source, and it is made into a full sentence (i.e., incorporated) of its own.
Any paper which does not include regular quotations (preferably one per paragraph) will not receive a very good grade. Any paper which includes no quotations whatsoever will not receive a passing grade.
4. Your paragraphs should be of reasonable length. There is of course no universal rule governing the length of the “perfect” paragraph, nor should there be: there is an art to writing, whether it be poetry or English papers. But some general customs do apply: anything consisting of three sentences or less is too short, and anything which fills over half a full page in size is too long. Paragraphs, like papers, make their arguments in steps, and if in each paragraph you have a topic sentence, a quotation, and a thesis-connecting sentence, then you already have three sentences – and you haven’t even discussed anything yet. (If you come from a business-writing background – used to writing in bullet points or other very short, digestible “thought bites” – this may be a particularly important guideline to remember.) Conversely, if you have a paragraph which goes on for over a full page or more, then you clearly don’t have only one main point which that paragraph is trying to convey, and you’re trying to do too much. (If you tend to write your papers in one take, very quickly, or at the last minute – used to throwing all of your thoughts down in a rush with little attention to your overall paragraph structure – this may be a particularly important guideline to remember.) Paragraphs are the main argumentative unit of an English paper; a paragraph is to a paper what a sentence is to a paragraph, and, just as with sentences, there are “fragment” paragraphs as well as “run-on” paragraphs. You should avoid both.
5. Ground your paper in the text(s). Most of your paragraphs should be directly concerned with authors, plots, characters, themes, symbols, conflicts, and other literary things, and not in the abstractions which surround them: “society,” “history,” “culture,” and so on. This means avoiding what I call “Since the Dawn of Time Stories” – papers which attempt to account for all of human history in their argumentative sweep. Do not attempt, for example, to write about “all” of slavery, “all” of American history, or even “slaves” in general; instead, you should write about specific authors and their texts. Sentences, paragraphs, and papers should begin with and regularly return to authors, characters, etc., as their subjects. Instead of saying, for example, “African Americans have always resisted racial oppression,” you should say, for example, “The authors Brown, Dunbar, and Harper all show a variety of ways in which African Americans resisted racial oppression.” This may seem like a subtle difference, but it’s a crucial one. You should, of course, remember that neither you nor your authors are writing in a vacuum, but a good English paper is all about the literature.
6. Try to achieve a reasonable degree of balance between the different texts you discuss. While it’s often difficult to devote exactly equal time and space to each of your required texts, you do want to shoot for a paper which is not terribly unbalanced – three pages of a five-page paper devoted to one text and half a page for each remaining text, for example, is not a good balance. A good paper distributes its discussions of all its texts as evenly as possible across all its pages.
7. Don’t be afraid to have an opinion, but phrase your opinions in terms of analyses of the text(s). While I don’t forbid using the first-person singular pronoun “I” in papers, I do think it’s largely unnecessary: I will know it’s you making your points, and often “I” statements lessen the impact of a good solid analysis. Don’t feel the need to qualify your opinions by saying “I think that,” “I feel that,” “it seems as if,” or other similar phrases. A good rule of thumb is to go through each paper and look for moments where you tend to apologize for having your own opinion, and delete the phrases that precede your actual point. Act as if you’re right, and your argument will usually be better off. (the essay should be writing about Gorilla, My love)

Annotated Bibliography for the Article Review Final Paper

This week, you will research and create an annotated bibliography of five peer-reviewed articles that were published within the last 10 years and relate to the article you selected in Week Two for your Article Review. The peer-reviewed articles you select should be researched in the Ashford University Library and represent a variety of viewpoints on the subject matter. They may support or refute the information presented in your chosen article for review. Each of the peer-reviewed articles must include a complete reference that is correctly formatted in APA style as outlined by the Ashford Writing Center and an annotation of five to six well-developed sentences in your own words that summarize the source and describe its applicability to your selected topic. Please note that no sections from the abstracts of the articles should be included in your annotation.

In your annotation for each peer-reviewed article, analyze psychology as a science as it is presented in the article and explain how it relates to this particular topic. Assess the professional roles presented in the article and describe how they relate to the roles as presented in the article you have chosen for review. Explain any psychological theoretical perspectives presented in the article and how they either support or refute the information provided in the review article. Evaluate contemporary applications of psychology as they are described in the article and compare these to the descriptions within the article for review.

For more in-depth assistance with your annotated bibliography, please visit the Ashford Writing Center located under the Learning Resources tab in the left-hand navigation panel of your online course.

The Annotated Bibliography:
Must be two to three double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must use at least five peer-reviewed sources.
Must provide a well-developed summary for each source used.
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Psychology Research Paper

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The purpose of the Final Project is to demonstrate your ability to conduct an abbreviated literature review on a forensic psychology topic of your choosing and report your findings from the literature review.

Your Final Project should include 12–15 research articles on your chosen topic and should be empirically based. The articles also should represent contemporary findings on your topic and come from peer-reviewed journals. Your Final Project should end with a summary of the major findings from your literature review and your recommendation of possible future directions that research on your chosen topic may cover.

A superior Final Project demonstrates breadth and depth of knowledge, and critical thinking appropriate for graduate-level scholarship. The paper must follow APA Publication Manual guidelines and be free of typographical, spelling, and grammatical errors. The paper should be 10–12 pages, not counting the title page, abstract, or references. Please note that quantity does not always correspond to quality, and a well-written Final Project that includes all of the necessary information can be accomplished in fewer than the maximum number of pages. The Final Project for this course will be evaluated according to all four indicators in the Application Assignment and Final Project Writing Rubric located in the Course Information area.

References

Please note that you must use primary sources. Peer-reviewed journal articles should make up the bulk of your references (80% or more). In other words, you may use non-peer reviewed and non-empirically based material in addition to your 12–15 peer-reviewed, empirically based journal articles. If referring to a book as one of your non-peer reviewed, non-empirically-based sources, be sure to include all information in APA style, including specific page numbers. Note that an article referred to in a book is a secondary source and does not count as one of your peer-reviewed, empirically-based articles. You must go directly to the original source for your 12–15 peer-reviewed, empirically based articles.

Write a brief assessment (two pages) of the Outback Steakhouse case found in the Robert M. Grant (2013) Text, Contemporary Strategy Analysis: Text & Cases (8th ed.). Pay particular attention to the following questions:

• What are the basic elements of Outback’s plan for going international?
• What do you see as the strengths and weakness of this plan?
• What changes to the plan would you recommend to Connerty?
• Given what you know from the case, do you think Outback should try the international journey?

I want you to write about “Ben X”.Follow the steps.I will upload the picture of the movie . 1-Write about your opinion ,and if you like the movie or not. 2- use like or dislike format on the paper.

Write short essays show me your reasoning on how you arrived at your answers. If you used a source to find information, tell me what the source was. Why did you eliminate the other possible answers? the are 5 questions
for each one I need paragraph