Final Project

For the purpose of the first part of this Project, you are still the InfoSec Specialist for the Makestuff Company. Consider this project a continuation of the work you performed in Projects 1 and 2.

After seeing you search Mr. Yourprop’s work area and take several pieces of evidence, Ms. Maria Friend, who works in the office across the hall, comes forward with an odd story. Ms. Friend states that she is Mr. Yourprop’s fiancé, but lately things in their relationship had begun to sour. She produces a thumb drive she says Mr. Yourprop gave her earlier that day. She tells you Mr. Yourprop told her to “keep it safe” and asked her to bring it home with her at the end of the day. Ms. Friend tells you she really likes her job and has no interest in being wrapped up in whatever Mr. Yourprop has done to invite negative attention.

1. How would you package the thumb drive for shipment to the lab? Be specific as to what materials you would use, and why?

2. What would you ask the lab to look for on the submitted thumb drive, and why?

3. Are there any locations outside of Mr. Yourprop’s immediate workspace where pertinent digital evidence might be found to help with your intellectual property theft case? Explain thoroughly.

Now, please assume a different character for the purpose of this next segment of the assessment…You are a forensic examiner at the above mentioned Makestuff Company lab. After receiving the package from the InfoSec Specialist in the field, you sign the chain of custody form and get set to begin your examination.

4. How would you protect this thumb drive prior to creating a forensic image for examination? Why is this protection important to your overall case? Explain thoroughly.

5. Discuss at least three forensic examination/analysis tools that could be used by you or Makestuff Company’s other digital forensic analysts to process/analyze the thumb drive you received (be specific), ensuring you include the manufacturer of each tool and each tool’s capabilities.

Fortunately, the InfoSec Specialist was on his/her game, and ALSO sent you copies of several files, reported to be the source code of “Product X”.

6. What is hashing, and how could you take advantage of it in this case to attempt to determine if Mr. Yourprop’s thumb drive contains copies of the source code? Explain thoroughly.

You complete your laboratory examination and return the evidence, with your report, back to the InfoSec Specialist at the field office.

Now, back at the field office, the InfoSec Specialist (a.k.a., you) receives the report from the Makestuff Lab, which shows that the complete “Product X” source code was found on Mr. Yourprop’s thumb drive. In addition, while the evidence was at the lab for examination, you determined it is also likely that Mr. Yourprop emailed copies of the source code to his personal email address.

7. Do you recommend reporting the crime to law enforcement? Why or why not? Are private companies required to report crimes to law enforcement?

The decision is ultimately made to report the theft to law enforcement and, using primarily the evidence you developed during your investigation, Mr. Yourprop is brought to trial for the crime. You (as the forensic examiner from the Makestuff Lab) are qualified as an expert witness and called to testify.

8. What is the significance of you being qualified as an expert witness? How is it different from being a simple fact witness? Explain thoroughly.

9. While you are on the stand, the defense asks you the following question based on the fact that you write a personal blog about digital forensics in your off-time, from which it appears you are a staunch supporter of law enforcement. “How do we know you were not just a “police hack” in this case, choosing to report only what would help law enforcement and your company’s bottom-line in this case?”

Project Requirements:

Each questions should be answered with a minimum of 1-2 paragraphs, so do your research, be specific, be detailed, and demonstrate your knowledge;
Answers to the above questions should be submitted in a single document (.DOC/.DOCX, .RTF, or .PDF), with answers separated so as to make it clear which question is being answered;
The submission should have a cover page, including course number, course title, title of paper, student’s name, date of submission;
Format: 12-point font, double-space, one-inch margins;
It is mandatory that you do some research, and utilize outside resources! References page: APA citation style (see https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ for help).

Coyne and Messina Articles, Part 2 Statistical Assessment

Need a nonplagiarised paper and a form completed by 10/06/015 before 7:00pm.  I have attached the documents along the rubics that must be followed.

 

Coyne and Messina Articles, Part 2 Statistical Assessment

 

 

Details:

 

1) Write a paper of 1,000-1,250 words regarding the statistical significance of outcomes as presented in Messina’s, et al. article “The Relationship between Patient Satisfaction and Inpatient Admissions Across Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitals.”

 

2) Assess the appropriateness of the statistics used by referring to the chart presented in the Module 4 lecture and the resource “Statistical Assessment.”

 

3) Discuss the value of statistical significance vs. pragmatic usefulness.

 

4) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

 

5) This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

 

 

 

Statistics:  What you Need to Know

 

Introduction

 

Often, when people begin a statistics course, they worry about doing advanced mathematics or their math phobias kick in. Understanding that statistics as addressed in this course is not a math course at all is important. The only math you will do is addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In these days of computer capability, you generally don’t even have to do that much, since Excel is set up to do basic statistics for you. The key elements for the student in this course is to understand the various types of statistics, what their requirements are, what they do, and how you can use and interpret the results. Referring back to the basic components of a valid research study, which statistic a researcher uses depends on several things:

 

• The research question itself

 

• The sample size

 

• The type of data you have collected

 

• The type of statistic called for by the design

 

All quantitative studies require a data set. Qualitative studies may use a data set or may use observations with no numerical data at all. For the purposes of the next modules, our focus will be on quantitative studies.

 

Types of Statistics

 

There are several types of statistics available to the researcher. Descriptive statistics provide a basic description of the data set. This includes the measures of central tendency: means, medians, and modes, and the measures of dispersion, including variances and standard deviations. Descriptive statistics also include the sample size, or “N”, and the frequency with which each data point occurs in the data set.

 

Inferential statistics allow the researcher to make predictions, estimations, and generalizations about the data set, the sample, and the population from which the sample was drawn. They allow you to draw inferences, generalizations, and possibilities regarding the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable to indicate how those inferences answer the research question. Researchers can make predictions and estimations about how the results will fit the overall population. Statistics can also be described in terms of the types of data they can analyze. Non-parametric statistics can be used with nominal or ordinal data, while parametric statistics can be used with interval and ratio data types.

 

Types of Data

 

There are four types of data that a researcher may collect.

 

Nominal Data Sets

 

The Nominal data set includes simple classifications of data into categories which are all of equal weight and value. Examples of categories that are equal to each other include gender (male, female), state of birth (Arizona, Wyoming, etc.), membership in a group (yes, no). Each of these categories is equivalent to the other, without value judgments.

 

Ordinal Data Sets

 

Ordinal data sets also have data classified into categories, but these categories have some form or order or ranking attached, often of some sort of value / value perception. Examples include rankings of poor, fair, good, excellent, very satisfied to very dissatisfied, etc. While the categories may be rank ordered, there are not equal intervals between the categories. The difference between poor and fair is not necessarily the same difference between good and excellent, for example.

 

Interval Data Sets

 

Interval data sets have equal intervals between the units of measure, although they lack a true zero. For example, test scores of 50 and 60 have the same interval between them as test scores of 70 and 80. Degrees of body fever have the same difference between a temperature of 97.5 and 98.5 as between a temperature of 99 and 100. However, the body does not reach a true zero temperature. IQ scores have the same interval between 75 and 100 as they do between 100 and 125.

 

Ratio Data Sets

 

Ratio data sets have equal intervals, and a true zero to the scale. Examples include water temperatures when the temperature of the water has the same interval between 20 and 25 degrees as between 30 and 35 degrees, with a true zero at the point water freezes solid (in Celsius; Fahrenheit is 32 degrees above Fahrenheit “0”). Another example may be the level of a certain drug in the blood stream. There is a true zero, and the level of drug at 100 mcg/cc is exactly double the level of drug at 50 mcg/cc.

 

A Review of Data Sets:

 

Nominal − Data into categories with equal weight and value

 

Ordinal − Data into categories with rank ordering

 

Interval − Data with equal intervals between all data points, but no true zero

 

Ratio − Data with equal intervals between all data points, plus a true zero on the scale

 

Knowing what data type is being used in a statistical analysis is important because all data types cannot be used by all statistics. As noted above in Types of Statistics, nominal and ordinal data can be analyzed with non-parametric statistics, while interval and ratio data can be analyzed by parametric statistics. As a rule of thumb, you should use the highest statistic your data set will allow to extract as much information as possible.

 

Choosing the Right Statistics

 

In order to select the appropriate statistic for a research study, start with the basics.

 

What Does the Research Question Ask?

 

If you are comparing one data set to another or one group to another, use a method of description to see if they are alike. If you are asking if one group is different from another in a meaningful way, use methods of inference. For example, let’s say you have two samples of staff intention to stay on their jobs. In the first sample, the staff has received a raise. In the second, they have not. The samples are described as follows:

 

Sample 1 − mean score of 95, standard deviation + or − 4, range of scores 91-99 (meaning a likelihood they will stay)

 

Sample 2 − mean score of 80, standard deviation + or − 16, range of scores 64-96 (meaning a lower, and wider ranging, likelihood of staying)

 

If you are asked just to compare the two data samples, you use the data to say that the mean score in Sample 1 shows higher intent to stay on the job than the mean score in Sample 2. Also, the standard deviation shows that there is more consistency in the scores in Sample 1 (smaller deviation) than in Sample 2 (larger deviation). These are methods of description from which you can draw some conclusions. You can answer the question: what do the data sets look like? However, if you are asked to determine whether Sample 1 is significantly higher than Sample 2 in intention to stay on their jobs, you would need to use statistics such as a t-test or ANOVA (analysis of variance) to determine whether the difference is statistically significant. If you had been asked to determine whether it was likely that the raise contributed to the differences in intention to stay on the job, you would also need to use an inferential statistic, such as t-test or ANOVA, which enabled you to draw that inference. So, if the research question asks what a data set looks like, you can use the descriptive statistics. If you want to know what the variables listed are inferring, you must use the inferential statistics, as well.

 

What is the Sample Size?

 

Some statistics are designed to be used with small sample sizes, generally less than 30, such as t-tests. Others fit better with larger sample sizes, such as ANOVAs. For many statistics, sample size is not a critical factor, but it is helpful to know if the sample is large enough to warrant the use of the statistics used.

 

What Type of Data is Used?

 

Again, nominal and ordinal data can be analyzed with non-parametric statistics, while interval and ratio data can be analyzed by parametric statistics. The key data type is in the dependent variable. If you have interval or ratio data in the dependent variable, you can use parametric statistics for your analysis.

 

In order to help you review studies in terms of their selection of statistics, refer to the following chart:

 

Using Statistical Assessment
Statistic	Data Type	Sample Size	Research Question
Mean and Standard Deviation	Interval or ratio	>2	What does the data set look like?
Frequency Distribution	Nominal-Ratio	>2	What does the data set look like?
Chi-Square	Nominal-Ordinal	>4	Is the variance of one variable equal to or different from another variable
Correlation Coefficient	Interval-Ratio	>4	What is the relationship between two variables?
t-Test	Interval-Ratio	<30	Is there a significant difference between two groups? May be intrinsic or may be experimental
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)	Interval-Ratio	>30	Is there a significant difference between 2 or more groups?
Regression Analysis	Interval-Ratio	>30	How much of the change in the dependent variable is predicted by the independent variable or variables?

 

Statistical Significance

 

The concept of statistical significance is a part of inferential statistics. When you are looking for differences or changes in data sets as a result of the impact of an independent variable, you need to be able to determine if the changes are significant or resulting from random chance. Statistical significance answers the question: What is the probability that the results seen in this study are due to the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable rather than random chance?

 

Significance is also expressed as Type I Error, which is the possibility of rejecting a true finding as false. It is depicted in statistics as an alpha character (Greek), or “α.” It can also be expressed as p<0.05. The level at which alpha is set will tell you that the probability of the finding being attributable to chance itself is less than (<) 0.05%. Other common settings for the alpha include 0.01% or even 0.001%. Most studies require at least an alpha of 0.05% in order for the results to be deemed significant.

 

Referring to the research study in Coyne et al (Coyne, Richards, Short, Shultz, and Singh, 2009) on hospital cost and efficiency and the effects of hospital size and ownership, the research question asked if size and ownership type made a difference in the efficiency and cost results of hospitals in the State of Washington. The sample size was 100 hospitals. The dependent variables, efficiency and cost measures, used numbers with a true zero (cost, occupancy, revenue, etc) so that the data would be classified as a ratio. The independent variables were hospital size and ownership type, which could be classified as ordinal for size (small, medium, large) and nominal for ownership type (not for profit; government owned). The statistic selected was an ANOVA (good choice), and the statistical significance was set as 0.05% alpha. Read the results on page 168, Table 3, to determine which results were significant, or less than 0.05%. Note that bed size made a significant difference in two of the efficiency ratios and two of the cost ratios. Also note which ownership affected one of the efficiency ratios  and two of the cost ratios. The interaction of the two independent variables affected two of the efficiency ratios.

 

Conclusion

 

Picking the correct statistic to answer the research question, fit the sample size, and fit the data types is an essential element of a useful and valid research study. When these are correctly done, the results and their statistical significance can give you a better sense of elements you want to translate into evidence-based practice based on solid research.

 

Statistical Assessment

 

 

 

Use the chart in the Module 4 lecture to complete the table below to assess the appropriateness of the statistics used, and determine the statistical significance of outcomes in Messina’s, et al., article “The Relationship Between Patient Satisfaction and Inpatient Admissions Across Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitals” . Refer specifically to the discussion on pages 189-90 of the article.

 

Messina, D., Scotti, D., Ganey, R., Zipp, G., & Mathis, L. (2009). The Relationship Between Patient Satisfaction and Inpatient Admissions Across Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitals. Journal of Healthcare Management, 54(3), 177-89, discussion 189-90. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/pqdweb?did=1752526601&sid=1&Fmt=4&clientId=48377&RQT=309&VName=PQD

 

 

 

 

 

Statistic	Data type	Sample Size	Research Question

 

 

Statistical Significance:

 

 

 

There were three errors in Table 4 on page 185. In your identification of significant findings, can/did you find them?

 

 

The chart from the Module 4 Readings:

 

Statistic	Data Type	Sample Size	Research Question
Mean and Standard Deviation	Interval or ratio	>2	What does the data set look like?
Frequency Distribution	Nominal-Ratio	>2	What does the data set look like?
Chi-Square	Nominal-Ordinal	>4	Is the variance of one variable equal to or different from another variable
Correlation Coefficient	Interval-Ratio	>4	What is the relationship between two variables?
t-Test	Interval-Ratio	<30	Is there a significant difference between two groups? May be intrinsic or may be experimental
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)	Interval-Ratio	>30	Is there a significant difference between 2 or more groups?
Regression Analysis	Interval-Ratio	>30	How much of the change in the dependent variable is predicted by the independent variable or variables?

 

 

 

 

 

Write a comprehensive medical report on a disease we have studied up to this point. Be sure to include all relevant medical history, testing/diagnostics, treatment options and recommended plan of action. Paper should be APA format and 4-6 pages submitted to the dropbox.

I have Project gradute for my majet English.

I need write reaserch about topic witch is: How childeren learn a second languge

The first piece of work you will need to submit is a topic and a thesis statement (refer to the first recorded lecture for instructions on choosing a valid topic and narrowing it down). In summary, the topic has to be original and specific. Choosing an existing research proposal (e.g. from a colleague who already passed this course) is not acceptable because the work is not original. Check the title section in guideline number 7 below for more information.

In addition, you need to provide a list of the tools you will use in your research (surveys, interviews… etc.).

You need to submit the thesis statement and the paragraph explaining it and the list of tools in a Microsoft Word document On or before 26/2/2015). Please write “Topic Approval, Your Name” in the title of your message to your supervisor.

and then I need the first draft.

i have attached an example and I some example

a report should be about the book “Their Eyes Were Watching God”. five to 7 pages long

The purpose of this assignment is to provide you with the opportunity to select a topic in the particular area in which you have an occupational or research interest, and to complete a literature review of the topic, using a minimum of ten scholarly references. This will allow you to demonstrate mastery of the program outcomes for the B.A. psychology program at Argosy University. A helpful Web site for organizing and writing a literature review is www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/ReviewofLiterature.html.

You may also want to review the following documents that are available in the Doc Sharing area of the course:

• A sample literature review,
• a PowerPoint document illustrating how to set up your word processor for APA style
• a “Guide for Writing a Literature Review”

Based on your review of the most recent, relevant research findings on your chosen topic, submit a final version of your literature review paper, integrating feedback received from your instructor. Be sure to include a research/focal question, synthesis of the literature you reviewed, well-established conclusions, and points of discussion and/or future research.

• Begin the review by defining the objective of the paper. Introduce the reader to your focal question. What is this question intended to address? You may state your “question” in the form of a problem if you like. Describe the topic for your literature review and why you chose this topic. Explain why you think it is important. It is also useful to tell the reader how the review is organized in your introduction section, before you the transition into the body of the review.

• Organize your literature review paper by themes/theories/concepts, rather than article by article. If there is one major theme you want to highlight, state the theme. If there are three major themes or streams of thought on the topic, briefly name them—and then organize the balance of your literature review around those three streams. Think of themes, theories, concepts, lines of thought, and ideas as organizing strategies for your literature review. Your creativity in this assignment is not the content or findings but the clarity with which you organize the review and create a context for understanding the focal question.

• When you are done introducing the first line of thought, create a new paragraph to discuss studies which present another line of thought or opposing view.

• Your literature review should hit the high points of each article. You should not discuss a single article, one by one, like a grocery list. Zero in on the main theme or finding and then move on to the next theme. Remember, this is a synthesis, an integration of all the things you have learned. You are creating a discussion on paper, which in turn gives the reader a context for understanding where the scholarship has been, where it is currently, and where it likely will be heading next. Provide enough details to help the reader understand the significance of the studies you cite without “rebuilding Rome.” Be sure to evaluate the studies and offer critical comments on any shortcomings you’ve observed or that have been reported by the authors.

• Discuss the main findings and their implications. Given the results of your literature review, what is/are the prevailing argument(s)? What research question could you ask in order to further develop this area of study and contribute to the existing body of knowledge? Complete your review by drawing conclusions about your body of research and identifying gaps in the research which still remain to be explored, maybe even by you! Make an argument as to why your research question is important and relevant to the current work being done on your topic.

Requirements

Apply current APA standards for editorial style, expression of ideas, and formatting of the text, headings, citations, and references. Remember to use your own words to describe and evaluate the articles. Avoid quoting the material and also cite works when you are discussing someone else’s ideas. Your paper should be double-spaced and in 12 point, Times New Roman font with normal one-inch margins, written in APA style, and free of typographical and grammatical errors. It should include a title page with a running head, an abstract and a reference page. The body of the paper should be no less than 5–6 pages in length.

Submit your review paper to the M3: Assignment 2 Dropbox by Wednesday, October 7, 2015.

Summerize an article about Julius Caesar for about two paragrapghs in one page length mla format.