The input for progressive tends to be less noisy in the sense that the verbs most strongly associated with the progressive also tend to be the most frequent whereas the verbs most closely related to past tense may occupy relatively lower frequent bands” and in page 366 we find: “…the learner data suggest that the verbs first learned by adults in the progressive are also frequent in the progressive in the input…” Can the top-writer write something about this argument especially to emphasize the importance of Chaos/Complexity theory (uploaded Chapter 2). 1. Let’s say that although the progressive aspect in the Maltese language (example: is writing, is eating) is not used a lot as a first language and as a second language, and we appreciate the fact that the aspect (ex: ‘He eats’) that though it is not progressive but it is aspect in Maltese, and the learners learn it before the tense in the perfect (example: he ate) 2. Wulff et al. claim that the students learn the progressive before the perfect because it is very frequently used in the input, which means that the native speakers use it a lot 3. However this does not count for the Maltese language because as an L1, the Maltese native speakers use more the perfect tense. Although we do not have any statistics of what my foreign/non-native participants might have heard in their daily life, from my study data we know that this tendency is clearly so . 4. Hence, in the case of Maltese, we cannot say that there is an obvious correspondence from the input that the foreign speakers hear from the native speakers and the output of theforeign speakers who are learning Maltese as a second language. 5.In fact, Wulff et al. (and perhaps even Bardovi-Harlig, 2000 and kindly use this source too) seem to be following the theory of constructivism ( what learners hear before they produce), that in the case of Maltese, we have the evidence through my study that this does not work, because the foreign learners used more the imperfect and the progressive whereas the native speakers use more the perfect tense and aspect when interpreting pictures.Hence the theory of Chaos/Complexity theory is more robust…valid and reliable.
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