Author: chris

Photosynthesis is used by plants to harness solar energy. A semiconductor-based solar cell harnesses solar energy to convert it to electricity required by humans. Write an essay comparing and contrasting these two systems.

1. Describe 3 ways in which the plant cell and the solar cell are similar to each other.

2. Describe 3 ways in which they are different from each other.

Explain how the laws of thermodynamics apply to each system.

1. Explain how the laws of thermodynamics apply to photosynthesis.

2. Explanation of how the laws of thermodynamics apply to

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Teenage Prostitution in Asia
1. Introduction by: 1) identifying and describing your topic and 2) purpose of the paper. (10 pts)
The term teenage prostitution refers to the exploitation of underage girls as sex workers. Teenage prostitutes are considered child sex workers because they have not yet attained the age of adult consent, hence woman under the age of 18 engaging in prostitution is considered a child prostitute. The main difference between adult prostitution and child prostitution is the aspect of forced labor. The Asian continent has been viewed as a notorious area for child prostitution. Countries like Thailand are known for being a popular sex tourist attraction in Asia (Lau 2008). This is the reality young teenage children have to live with every day of their lives. Teenage prostitution has been fuelled by well internationally organized rime syndicates who specialize in child trafficking. For as long as child trafficking continues then this vice is unlikely to end. Child prostitution is a vice that is prevalent the world over, however, the purpose of this paper is to show the plight of the girl child in Asia paying attention to teenage or child prostitution in Asia. The term child prostitution can be used interchangeably to refer to teenage prostitution in this paper.
2. How common is the issue, trend, or problem? (8 pts)
It is estimated that over a million children around the world are forced into commercial sex labor every year. Most of the children forced into this trade are female women. The number of child sex workers may have reached the tens of millions. The year 2000 saw close to 2 million children being sexually exploited worldwide. In the same year, the number of children thought to be in the trade was at 590000 children in the Asia-pacific region. Recently, the number has closed in to almost 1 million children in Asia. The highest statistics are recorded in India and Thailand with 400-500 000 in India and about 200 000 in Thailand (Lukman 2009). The issue is so rampant in Asia such that Malaysia has been said to offer sex a part of their tourist appeal.
In Thailand, hundreds of factories have closed down owing to the global economic downturn. This has left many workers unemployed. This, in turn, means that children are vulnerable to trafficking into forced sex labor. This is because the adults will want to compensate for the loss of their jobs by contributing to the 2-14 percent GDP of the sex trade in the country. The lust for adult men wanting to have sexual intercourse with children has to stop. This demand is driving the business higher posing a danger to the young children.
The prevalent nature of the vice has mainly been occasioned by the high poverty levels in the countries involved (Lau 2008). The countries where these activities take place do not have effective policies put in place that could protect children from slave sex labor. A long as there is little the government will do safeguard their youth population, the issue is unlikely to die soon. Child prostitution is also cheaper as compared to adult prostitution hence the high demand. The demand for children should not be there in the first place (Lukman 2009). The international community and the parties involved have to work together to ensure that the supply of this unacceptable trade is cut off. The profitable nature of the business also makes it impossible for the traffickers to stop engaging in the trade, hence more child workers are being trafficked every year.
3. What are the negative effects of this issue or trend on the individual, family, and society? (8 pts)
Several negative effects can arise from the issue of teenage prostitution. The effects span from individual, family and society. For the individual, the child is robbed of their innocence and the child faces a traumatic childhood (Lukman, 2009). The trauma arises from the fact that the children are forced to have sexual intercourse with men who could well be their fathers. They also run the risk of getting pregnant at an early age. In addition, the child future prospects have also been lost the moment they have been trafficked into the child sex slave trade. This is because the child no longer has the chance to pursue education and improve their lives. In truth, most of the young girls are lured into the trade with false promises of education and a better life. Therefore, the poverty levels of the individuals put them more at risk for being recruited into the sex salve business.
Children who have been trafficked for the purposes of prostitution always end up being held captive in rooms, and are watched by armed men to prevent their escape. The children have to endure all that happens to them even to the extent of sodomy and violent sex. The children end up being addicted to drugs and alcohol. The drugs and alcohol are use to numb the pain the teenagers have been inflicted upon by the violent men. They also offer an escape from the sickening act that they have been forced to do. The child prostitute ceases to be a child the moment they are forced into sex labor (Lau 2008).
Child prostitution is dependent on child trafficking. This has negative effects on the family. Child trafficking breaks up homes and causes children to lose contact with their families. In most cases, the children are taken into foreign countries where they have no idea of the language spoken in the country. The possibility of reuniting with the families is also limited since they have no way of getting help. In most cases, the children are illegal immigrants who have falsified documentation or none at all making it extremely difficult for them to get help from the relevant authorities.
Child sex labor also has negative effects on society. For example, the young mothers who where forced into sex labor pass on the trade to their children. This is because prostitution has been the mother’s entire knowledge for survival (Lukman, 2009). As their children grow up, they are inculcated into the ways of their mothers and the cycle continues. The effects of this are that the society continues on a downward spiral economically and educationally since the parents, and their children do not see a need for school anymore. Setting aside the communities these children come from, people from elsewhere around the world believe that children who have been subjected to prostitution are doing so out of their own free will. However, these children are raped, beaten and forced to have sexual intercourse several times a day (Piper 2005). The term prostitution therefore denotes that they are willing parties yet the opposite is true. The society has to grasp the full situation the children are put in for them to respond appropriately.
4. Describe how two other cultures and/or countries view this issue or trend. (8 pts)
The western culture considers such practices as going against the rights of the child. In the United States constitution, for example, the rights of the child are enshrined in the constitution as outlined in the UN charter on human rights. The UN charter believes that a child has a right to education, parental care among others all of which are being denied to the young girls of Asia because of child prostitution. The child should also be free from sexual abuse from anyone. The United States also have strong legislation that protects the child from sexual predators (Ensalao & Majka 2005). One notable yet controversial law is Meagan’s law that requires police post a sexual offenders list for the residents of a neighborhood in which a sexual offender lives. With such strong and protective laws, it will be difficult for individuals to come up with criminal syndicates that exploit young girls as it is in Asia. This is not to say that the United States does not have a teenage prostitution, but effective laws are capable of containing the situation n.
In Mexico, the country is listed as being one of the worst nations experiencing teenage prostitution. Like most Asia-Pacific countries, Mexico does not have any laws against child prostitution. This has significantly contributed to the state of affairs of the country. Again, the country has legalized prostitution hence the culture continues to fester as more teenagers continue to engage in prostitution. To curb child prostitution, countries must develop stringent laws that make it possible for the eradiation of the child labor in these countries.
5. Choose an approach (best practices) that you feel best addresses and/or solve the issue or trend and describe why this method is better. (8 pts)
The best approach to be used in arresting the situation is by enforcing legislation that is aimed at tackling the vice in Asia. The first piece of legislation will be to curb trafficking across the countries in which the sex slave trade and tourism takes place (Pusurinkham 2002). It would be beneficial for the Asian governments to come together and a draft a similar law that will be directed at stopping the illegal trade in the countries. Effective laws equip law enforcement agencies with the ability top ensure that offenders are arrested and convicted. Why child prostitution is on the rise, is the lack of political will in the countries to stop the vice. Good legislation will make sure that the children are safe and that they can be able to lead normal lives jut like other children. The second part of the legislation would be to stipulate clearly the rights of the child with regard to sexual abuses and the penalties that accompany infringement of the rights of the child.
To couple effective legislation, the Asian countries such as Nepal, India, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam among others have to come together and sensitize the society about the importance of upholding the law. It will be counter effective if legislation is passed, yet the society does not support the measures the government has taken to safeguard their children’s future. The society must understand the futility of this practice and embark on ideals that are more constructive. Therefore, it is vital for the Asian governments to appeal to the masses to shun child prostitution so that the children can have better lives. However, poverty is a crucial factor for child prostitution. For legislation to be effective, governments must also respond to the plight of the people by ensuring that it creates an enabling environment for alternative businesses.
6. Describe at least two community resources that are available for this issue or trend by including the following information: name; address; phone; a brief description of available services, materials, and so on; and your opinion of the organization. (8 pts)
Name: Daughter’s Educational Program
Address: PO Box 10, Mae Sai, Chiang Rai, Thailand 57130
Phone: 66 (53) 733 186
Daughter’s Educational Program (DEP) is a non-profit formed by the government of Thailand. The organization has realized the detrimental effects of child prostitution. The organization endeavors to rescue children from child sex labor and offer the children rescue education. The sad story told by this organization is of the fact that children are bought or rented from their parents because of high poverty levels. The organization is dependent on well-wishers to cater for their financial needs.
Name: Child Wise
Address: PO Box 451, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3205
Phone: +61 3 9645 8911
Child Wise is an organization that is the intent on protecting the rights of children by protecting them against sexual abuse and exploitation. The organization also believes in protecting children against abuse even before it happens. The organization works in Australia, the Pacific and Asia. The two organizations are examples of initiatives that are focused on making the world a better place by preventing the unthinkable ordeals children have to go through all over the world.
7. Conclusion and recommendations for further study and thinking in human sexuality (10 pts)
Human sexuality is a strange phenomenon that has not been fully grasped. For one, the reasons why people feel the need to exploit a child sexually has not been fully uncovered. Future recommendations into human sexuality should explore the human drive into pedophilic tendencies and why in societies such as the ones found in Asia such tendencies are not considered vile and are practiced openly. It leaves little doubt as to the traumatic effects left in the minds of child sex workers. It should be studied, whether the proponents of this business are solely motivated by profit or other motives.
The plight of the child in Asia is beyond what any child should go through. In addition to poverty and lack of proper schooling, the Asian child like many in the world has to endure the gruesome experiences of a child sex worker. The perverted morals of the world are destroying the innocence of the children. It is necessary for people to revert to social morals that cultivate young minds into productive people in the world, instead of creating a society devoid of moral standing and unaware of its social obligation for future generations.

References
Ensalaco, M., & Majka, L. C. (2005). Children’s human rights: Progress and challenges for children worldwide. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield.
IRIN (24 October 2012) ASIA: Global Recession Boosts Child Prostitution and Trafficking. IRIN News. Retrieved from http://www.irinnews.org/Report/86335/ASIA-Global-recession-boosts-child-prostitution-and-trafficking
Lau, C. (January 01, 2008). Child prostitution in Thailand. Journal of Child Health Care, 12, 2, 144-155.
Lukman, Z. M. (July 01, 2009). Misunderstanding on child prostitution and prostituted children in Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 1, 7-17.
Piper, N. (January 01, 2005). A Problem by a Different Name? A Review of Research on Trafficking in South-East Asia and Oceania. International Migration, 43, 203-233.
Pusurinkham, S. (January 01, 2002). Tourism and Child Prostitution in Thailand. Contours Bangkok-, 11, 32-33.

Delegating active directory administration
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Delegating active directory administration
Active directory administration provides organizations with a wide spread directory service that allows them to centrally control and share information about network resources and customers, and is the center of network security. This enables the attainment of all the goals of an organization. Delegating the administration of an active directory enables it to be effectively managed. It involves recognizing the low-level operation that matches the duty being administered, the data being performed, and then suitably modifying authorizing settings that guard the data.
Delegation is mainly done through access control (Reimer, 2008), whereby the administrators control the ability of other users to manipulate items in Active Directory and also to perform things on domain controllers and file servers. The access control is a whole model that is composed of authorization data, which shields the accessed resource from being known by the user. It first identifies the operation, which must go in line with task administered, and information on which it is being performed. The access control then automatically modifies a protective mechanism for the data (Reimer, 2008).
It also has an access check that evaluates if an access requested can be granted. The access check looks at the user’s qualifications and the authorization data on the item that is being requested. It then assesses the ability of the user in line to the object. If, from the test the user passes, permission is granted to carry out the request. However, if s/he does not, the request is said to have failed; thus permission is not granted. The security credentials of the user are also part of the components of the access control model (Willis, Watts & Bruzzeses, 2000). It includes the qualifications that the user has, to enable them acquire permission to perform their requests. When all the three components are applied, the task of delegating active directory administration has been performed.
Delegation therefore plays a major role in helping organizations address the needs of their users. It also helps to make, put into practice and sustain an efficient and security-conscious allocation model; it is therefore a vital application in any organization involved in networking activities.

References
Reimer, S. (2008). Windows server 2008 Active Directory resource kit. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press.
Willis, W., Watts, D., & Bruzzese, J. P. (2000). MCSE Windows 2000 directory services. Scottsdale, AZ: Coriolis Group Books.

Oxy Salts, cyanides salts, Ammonium Salts, and binary Non-Salts
Oxy Salts
Definition of oxy salts: these are the ionic compounds formed when all hydrogen molecules in an oxyacid have been replaced by metallic cations (such as K+ and Na+) and non-metallic cations e.g ammonia (NH+).
Chemical Family: Oxy salts
General Formula: (MN)
Classical Naming Consideration: The metallic cation will first be named followed by the negatively charged oxy anion with special preference to its oxy state.
IUPAC Naming Consideration: the additive names assigned to anions depend on the structure of the oxy anions in regard to the position of the oxygen molecules attached to the acid hydrogen and central element. Stoichiometric names are given to the oxy anions with the “oxido” prefix to indicate the number of oxygen atoms. The suffix –ate is followed by the charge numbers.
General Hazards: oxy salts are strong oxidizers that can step up combustion of inflammable substances at higher temperatures given that they readily produce large quantities of oxygen upon heating.
Applications of Oxy salts: sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is used in treatment of water, preservation of meat and food seasoning. Epsom salt also bears a lot of health benefits such as curing skin diseases, pain of the nervous system and detoxification of the body system.
Common Examples: Calcium bromate (Ca(BrO3)2), magnesium phosphate (Mg3(PO4)2, and Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO).

Cyanide Salts:
These are the chemical compounds that contain cyano group as the only anion.
Chemical Family: Cyanide salts
General Formula: (MCN)
IUPAC Naming Consideration: The presence of other functional groups besides cyanide (CN-) determines whether the compound is acetonitrile or cyanohydrins in inorganic chemistry.
Classification Naming Consideration: The metallic cation is named first followed by the cyanide anion.
General Hazard: All the cyanide salts react with acids to produce the highly poisonous hydrogen cyanide.

Definition of oxy salts: these are the ionic compounds formed when all hydrogen molecules in an oxyacid have been replaced by metallic cations (such as K+ and Na+) and non-metallic cations e.g ammonia (NH+).
Chemical Family: Oxy salts
General Formula: (M
Classical Naming Consideration: The metallic cation will first be named followed by the negatively charged oxy anion with special preference to its oxy state.
IUPAC Naming Consideration: the additive names assigned to anions depend on the structure of the oxy anions in regard to the position of the oxygen molecules attached to the acid hydrogen and central element. Stoichiometric names are given to the oxy anions with the “oxido” prefix to indicate the number of oxygen atoms. The suffix –ate is followed by the charge numbers.
General Hazards: oxy salts are strong oxidizers that can step up combustion of inflammable substances at higher temperatures given that they readily produce large quantities of oxygen upon heating.
Applications of Oxy salts: sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is used in treatment of water, preservation of meat and food seasoning. Epsom salt also bears a lot of health benefits such as curing skin diseases, pain of the nervous system and detoxification of the body system.
Common Examples: Calcium bromate (Ca(BrO3)2), magnesium phosphate (Mg3(PO4)2, and Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO).

Cyanide Salts:
These are the chemical compounds that contain cyano group as the only anion.
Chemical Family: Cyanide salts
General Formula: (MCN)
IUPAC Naming Consideration: The presence of other functional groups besides cyanide (CN-) determines whether the compound is acetonitrile or cyanohydrins in inorganic chemistry.
Classification Naming Consideration: The metallic cation is named first followed by the cyanide anion.

Aldehydes, organic acids and esters

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Aldehydes, organic acids and esters

Aldehydes

Definition of Aldehydes: These are highly reactive chemical compounds that are organic obtained through the process primary alcohols undergoing oxidation. They have a (-CHO) as the last part of a hydrocarbon chain. They also have diverse properties that are dependent on their molecule remainder.

Chemical family: Aldehydes

General Formula: R-CHO

Classical Naming Consideration: They are named after the regular name of the carboxylic acid that is corresponding. Aldehydes therefore have the name of the suffix –ic that is replaced by –aldehyde.

IUPAC Naming: Considers the greatest chain of carbon atoms, which have the parent alkane as the carboxyl group. The suffix is changed from –e to –al to show the aldehyde. Carboxyl groups of   aldehydes are always at the end of the main chain, therefore carbon 1 must be there, and it is not necessary to use a number to find it.

General Hazards: They are highly flammable and can burn both property and people. The fire produces gases that are toxic and corrosive. In addition, they are health hazards when absorbed, ingested or inhaled. Materials with aldehydes can burn or irritate the eyes and skin. Runoff from components and chemicals containing aldehydes can also lead to pollution

Application: Used to make organic acids, dyes, resins and organic acids. Some of the main aldehydes such as butyraldehyde undergo a variety of processes to manufacture plasticizers. Formaldehyde is used in cabinet making and woodworking industries.

Common Examples: Methanol (CH₂ O), Ethanol (CH₃CHO) and Propanal (CH₃ CH₂CHO)

Organic acids

Definition of organic acids: These organic compounds have acidic properties. They are weak acids, which do not completely dissociate in water. However, majority of the organic acids are highly soluble in organic solvents.

Chemical Family: Acids

General Formula: R-COOH

Classical Naming Consideration: The first part is named after the carbon group and the second hydroxyl group.

IUPAC Naming: The names are derived from alkanes. The alkane from which the alcohol is made is identified and given a similar name to that of straight chain hydrocarbons. The suffix –oic or –ic is given to the carboxylic group.

General Hazards: Acids used in the laboratory can cause fire and explosions. In case of accidental ingestion or absorption, acids like fluoridic acid can damage or injure the skin. Prolonged exposure to some acids might lead to intoxication.

Applications: Oxalic acid and citric acid are used in the process of rust removal. Gas and oil well stimulation are done by acids such as acetic acid. Some organic acids are also used to preserve food. Organic acids are used in pig production for animal feeds.

Common Examples: Lactic acid (C₃H₆O₃), acetic acid (CH₃CO₂H) and formic acid (HCO₂H).

Esters

Definition of esters: These organic compounds are formed from an acid and alcohol through removal of water.

Chemical Family: Ester

General Formula: RCO₂R

Classical Naming Consideration: The carboxylic acid is first identified followed by the alcohol from which they are prepared.

IUPAC Naming: They are named by the alkyl in the first part and the suffix –oate. The complete name of the ester will be alkyl alkanoate.

General Hazards: Methylparaben a methyl ester of para-hydroxy benzoic acid is used as a preservative in cosmetics and foods is claimed to have some negative health effects such as allergies.

Applications: They are extensively used in industry. They function as flavoring agents adding scents to a variety of foods, for example, octyl ethanoate. Some are also used as plasticizers.

Common Examples: Ethyl methanoate (HCOOC₂H₅), methyl methanoate (HCOOCH₃₎ and ethyl ethanoate (CH₃COOC₂H₅

Photosynthesis is used by plants to harness solar energy. A semiconductor-based solar cell harnesses solar energy to convert it to electricity required by humans. Write an essay comparing and contrasting these two systems.

1. Describe 3 ways in which the plant cell and the solar cell are similar to each other.

2. Describe 3 ways in which they are different from each other.

Explain how the laws of thermodynamics apply to each system.

1. Explain how the laws of thermodynamics apply to photosynthesis.

2. Explanation of how the laws of thermodynamics apply to a semiconductor-based solar cell’s production of electricity.

Read the chapter by Bluestone and Harrison, The Deindustrialization of America. Then, watch the video, “Roger and Me.” Review, analyze, and critically discuss the article and the video. Answer or comment on the following questions:

1) Does a company have the right to close its operations and relocate whenever it wants? In other words, does a company owe anything to the community and its workers?
2) What are the negative effects of plant closings on workers and communities?
3) What can local governments do to revitalize their economies after experiencing plant closings?

i find a link for the video of "Roger and Me "
http://www.hqq8.com/bfy/24056.html?24056-0-0 part 1
http://www.hqq8.com/bfy/24056.html?24056-0-1 part 2
however, each of them need to wait for 15 second to get the video play and it takes time to load it…

Read Wally Lamb’s book She’s Come Undone (1992).

• Your paper should be one consistent argument that is supported by evidence from the book.

• Give at least one quotation from the book (properly cited) that supports your argument. (NOTE: Quotations do not count towards the word limit).

• Throughout the paper, be specific, not vague.

• There are no particular answers I am looking for in this paper. I want to be surprised; I want to hear something from you that I hadn’t already thought of myself.

• Your paper should be in Microsoft Word (.DOC)

1. At the start of the novel, Dolores says, "Mine is a story of craving; an unreliable account of lusts and troubles that began, somehow, in 1956 on the day our free television was delivered." Do you agree with this assessment? Is this a story of lusts and troubles? Do those lusts and troubles emanate from the delivery of the television — that is, are we really reading about the echoes and consequences of one set of events in 1956? If so, then how does that work? If not, then what do you think the causative mechanism in this story really is? What does cause what? And how confident are you of your answer

Continue the review of Chemistry for Emergency Response. Complete the Aldehydes, Organic Acids, and Esters

you may write a research paper on the problem of global warming. Your paper should be a minimum of 4 pages and a maximum of 5 pages (double-spaced, 12 pt. font, one inch margins).
Green Technology and Sustainable Development
Write a paper on one of the following green technologies:

** Wind power
** Solar power
** Electric cars
** Green building

In writing your paper, try to answer the following questions:

• Describe the industry.
• How big is the industry by employment? By number of firms?
• How can this industry help the environment?
• What products does the industry make?
• What kinds of jobs do people do? What are the wages and salaries?
• What are technology challenges facing the industry?
• What has been government policy toward this sector?

* Note on references. Legitimate reference resources include scholarly journals/articles, books, data cited from databases (i.e., U.S. Census), and government reports (i.e., United States General Accountability Office). You may include personal or telephone interviews with relevant stakeholders. Citations from Internet sources that are merely web pages constructed by individuals airing their personal views are unacceptable sources. However, legitimate websites accessing refereed academic journals/reports (i.e., articles published in The Urban Institute, Journal of Urban Affairs, etc.) are legitimate resources. One way to determine if a website is acceptable or not is to ask yourself, “If the Internet did not exist, would I be able to find this article in the university library?” Newspaper or magazine articles may be used for this assignment provided they are in-depth articles on the issue, and not just commentaries or editorials. A maximum of two (2) newspaper or magazine articles are acceptable.

Please use American Psychological Association (APA) style guidelines to cite sources in body of your text, and to reference your sources in the bibliography.