Programming: Instruction encoding:
Write C code to encode the MIPS-like (these are not strictly MIPS instructions by format)
instructions below to 32 bit machine code (binary) stored in an integer.
Hint: It is suggested that you investigate the use of bitwise operations. Also use the MIPS
instruction set pages at the end of the text to see bit layouts and instructions
Suggested approach: write a C function with this signature:
unsigned int instrToInt(char* inst, char* args)
which takes the instruction string (e.g. ‘add’) for argument 1, and the rest of the instruction line (e.g. ‘
$0,$1,$2’) as argument 2, then encodes the instruction as the 32 bit integer (see the examples below for
the syntax of the instruction line as it would appear in a MIPS-like input assembly file)
| Instruction | Meaning | Example |
| add | Add the contents of the rs and rt registers, and store the result in the rd register. opcode: 0, funct: 32 | add $0,$1,$2 |
| sub | Subtract the contents of the rt register from the rs register, and store the result in the rd register. opcode: 0, funct: 34 | sub $0,$1,$2 |
| lw | Add the immediate field to the contents of the rs register.The result is used as an address in data memory whose contents are written to the rt register. opcode: 35 | lw $0,4($1) |
| sw | The contents of the rt register are stored in data memory at the address computed by adding the contents of the rs register to the immediate field. opcode: 43 | sw $0,4($1) |
| beq | If the contents of the rs and rt registers are equal, then the
next instruction to be executed is indicated by the immediate field. Otherwise, continue executing instructions |
beq $0,$1,4 |
| sequentially. opcode: 4 | ||
| mov | A pseudoinstruction to mov the contents of rd to rs You may want to review the MIPS ISA in the text and see how you might implement this with existing instructions. | mov $1, $2 |
| and | Set register rd with the value of the logical and of rs and rt | and $3,$1,$2 |
| not | A pseudoinstruction to negate the contents of rd. The contents of rd should have all bits flipped | not $1 |
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