The paper is to center on one very specific health behavior or illness state with a behavioral or sociodemographic component. The paper is to include: A rationale for the selection of the illness state or behavior.
Recent population level data on the burden of illness associated a selected behavior or illness state at the national level. Data is to include prevalence, incidence, mortality or morbidity of the behavior or illness state as is appropriate to the illness state.
Recent data on the distribution of the burden of illness associated with the behavior or illness state among appropriate sociodemographic groups. Sociodemographic factors are: age, gender, income level, race/ethnicity, and education level.
Selection of a sociodemographic group to examine more closely.
The psychosocial factors associated with the illness state, or associated with either engaging or not engaging in a given behavior. These factors include the social determinants of health, and/or beliefs, attitudes, motivational cues and social supports that have the greatest impact on a sociodemographic subpopulation suggested by the data gathered for item 2 above. Subpopulations, therefore, are to be based on race/ethnicity, age, gender, income, and education.
You are encouraged to examine select a subpopulation that differs from you on one or more of the sociodemographic parameters, or to examine a risky health-behavior in which you do not personally engage.
A summary interpretation of the data and its meaning relative to information learned in this course.
An assessment of the insights you have gained through completing this assignment and how those insights may inform you in your performance. Example1 Format: An Illness StateIllness State selected: Hypertension Rational for selection: Hypertension is widespread in the United States. Hypertension is a major contributor to myocardial infarction, stroke, and chronic heart failure. Hypertension can be reduced by adopting appropriate lifestyle changes. Hypertension rates varies by sociodemographic factors.
Burden of illness associated with hypertension in the United States. (can be presented in tabular fashion or in text.)
Hypertensions Burden of Illness in the United States broken down by sociodemographic factors. Breakdown by race/ethnicity, age, gender, income, education (table or in text)
Selection of Sociodemographic Group to examine more closely: African-American males have higher rates of hypertension than any other group.
Identifying yourself as not a member of the group under consideration. I am not African American, therefore, by examining this subpopulation, I will be examining the reality of a group to which I do not belong.
Income, racial discrimination, employment opportunities, beliefs about receiving appropriate medical care as an African-American in the U.S. health care system. Beliefs about the appropriate presentation of masculinity among African-American males. Access to services and health insurance for African American males. (The literature demonstrates all of these but if you chose high quality research literature that allows you to identify between 4 and five of these determinants, that will be sufficient.
Summary Interpretation of the meaning of the determinants identified in the literature relative to information learned in this course. The contribution of racial discrimination to hypertension among African-American males is consistent with course material related to both Adays assessment of the impact of a lack of power and control on the health in both individuals and populations. Lack of social status is a risk factor for stress and hypertension. African-American males are further stress by a conflict between their beliefs about who they are and how they should function and the constraints of their social environment. (And so forth for all factors you have cited) (Aday is in Module 7)
Enlightenment Prior to examination, I would have recommended to my African-American male clients that they change their diet, exercise more, and take their blood pressure medication. Now I will be more mindful of the constraints they might face in complying with my recommendations. I might need to have a conversation with them regarding their faith in the prescribed medications and recommend a credible source who can alleviate concerns, as is consistent with the SUCCESs model from our text. I might also need to refer this individual to nutritionist knowledgeable in African- American diet to help craft nutritional suggestions that are better suited to the African-American norms. I might also consider referring this client to a stress reduction class in meditation (and so on as you express and support your insights) Example 2: Selecting a BehaviorBehavior selected: Smoking Rational for selection: Although we have made great strides in reducing smoking in the United States over the last 5o years, significant pockets of smoking remain. Smoking remains the primary cause of lung cancer, and contributes to COPD, and coronary artery disease. Rates of smoking vary by age and gender. Smoking is a risky health behavior that requires behavior change efforts to encourage and support cessation efforts.
Burden of illness associated with smoking in the United States. (can be presented in tabular fashion or in text.)
Smokings Burden of Illness in the United States broken down by sociodemographic factors. Breakdown by race/ethnicity, age, gender, income, education (table or in text)
Selection of Sociodemographic Group to examine more closely: Young males have high rates of smoking relative to other groups.
Identifying yourself as not a member of the group under consideration. I am a young male, but I do not choose to smoke. I am curious as to what supports this behavior among members of my peer group.
Social and behavioral determinants of smoking among Young Males Examine the literature and identify key social and behavioral determinates that have been found to contribute to higher rates of smoking among young males. As in the hypertension example above. Findings may include peer pressure, believing that there is plenty of time to quit before smoking becomes harmful, etc. (Use the to find a key mixture of beliefs and attitudes) Between 4 and five of these determinants will be sufficient.
Summary Interpretation of the meaning of the determinants identified in the literature relative to information learned in this course. Beliefs regarding susceptibility to the negative effects of smoking are an important contributor to smoking behavior in this population. Young males do not feel immediately threatened by the long-term risks associated with this behavior, as is consistent with the information presented on the Health Belief Model in this course. Peer pressure is another contributing factor as would be suggested through the Theory of Planned Behavior. (And so forth for all factors you have cited) (The Health Belief Model and The Theory of Planned Behavior will be covered in Module 8)
Enlightenment Prior to examination, I was unaware of the extent to which beliefs about susceptibility drive smoking behaviors. I would have been inclined to give a young male educational information on the relationship of smoking to lung cancer. Now I realize I need to stress more important short-term beliefs such as improvements in dental health and improved sex appeal and so on as you express and support your insights) Think of this assignment as creating your own case study and applying the tools and information gleaned from the course and the literature to interpret and apply information.Notice how relatively short each section can be. I expect more information, particularly in the summary and enlightenment sections, however, writing this paper need not be a major undertaking.Additional Considerations: This is NOT to be a comprehensive term paper. My goal is to give you familiarity with the content, not expertise. Keep your references somewhere between 10 and 15 peer review journal articles, white papers, reports, or appropriate internet sites. Select sources that are the most informative to reduce your time and effort.
When writing the paper, save the amount of writing you have to do by presenting information in tables or graphs and then commenting on your displays.
Keep the paper to around 5 pages.
Use the headings I have provided or create your own wording to section the paper. This eliminates the need for transitional verbiage. Let the header tell the reader what the following section contains. Do not try to write this like an essay. The format is to be more like a research paper. Although I would not deduct points if you write it essay style, you run the risk of presenting material in a non-cohesive manner, not to mention it is much more work!
Rationale should one or two short paragraphs.
National distribution of the burden of illness should be an introductory line or two, the graph or table displaying the data, and four or five sentences commenting on the key points in the data.
The sociodemographic burden of illness is to be handled in the same fashion as national data.
Selection of sociodemographic group to examine more closely should be one to two lines citing why they are of interest. This may be combined with your statement identifying yourself as not part of the group you are examining as the rationale for group choice may be embedded in that selection. You may also simply state these two elements in two separate one to two sentence sections.
The social and behavioral determinants section is essentially your literature review. You are to find peer review research and credible source material that provides the science behind the excessive illness burden or risky behavior taking associated with your group of choice. Although you will need to cite sources and discuss findings in a text format for this section, you might consider including a table that presents the risk factors in one column and the source of the information in a second corresponding column. This visual will be very helpful in guiding you through the interpretation section.
The summary and interpretation section requires you to associate course material to the research findings. Course textbook citations and citations of any slide information you use will be required here.
The enlightenment section should contain your new insights. You may need to find an outside source or two to consider how you might refer or acknowledge the beliefs and social circumstances of a patient/client representative of the group you have examined.
Remember, being concise saves writing time, but it requires that you understand exactly how your material fits into the sections of the paper. Give yourself thinking time.
All material must be properly cited referenced using APA formatting. Starting Date: NOWYou can begin to choose either an illness state or a behavior for examination. If you do not have an illness or behavior about which you are passionate, refer to the following links that follow for inspiration as well as data.You also have sufficient knowledge and understanding to begin to craft a rationale for studying this illness state or behavior and gathering and assembling information on the distribution of the burden of the illness or behavior, both across the United States as a whole and by sociodemographic breakdowns.From the information gathered on the distribution of the burden of disease, you should be able to identify a sociodemographic group to examine more closely and define the rationale for your placement outside the groups.Other necessary information will be covered in modules 7 and 8, at the end of which, you will be prepared to gather the social and behavioral determinants using a well targeted search of the existing literature. The interpretation and enlightenment sections follow from there.
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